The terms “workforce housing,” “affordable housing,” and “attainable housing” are often used interchangeably in discussions of housing policy and development. However, each term has distinct nuances that reflect different approaches to addressing housing affordability.
In the aftermath of North Idaho cities becoming Zoom Boom Towns, an effort to focus on “local worker housing” as opposed to efforts delineated by income levels has become more important.
“Workforce housing” is typically defined and generally referred to by the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development as housing for people who earn between 80 to 120% of the area median income. This category is often associated with essential workers, such as teachers, police officers and firefighters, who may struggle to find suitable housing in high-cost areas.
“Affordable housing” is a broader term that encompasses a range of housing types and income levels. It generally refers to housing that is affordable to people with low and moderate incomes. HUD defines it as housing that costs no more than 30% of a household’s income for rent and utilities. This definition is used to determine eligibility for various housing assistance programs, such as Section 8 vouchers.
The specific income thresholds used to define affordable housing can vary depending on the location and type of housing assistance program being used. For example, FHA, VA and USDA loans offer more favorable terms and lower down payments in the workforce and affordable housing qualifying limits, but that dollar amount varies by region.
“Attainable housing” is a more flexible term that can be defined in various ways. HUD does not have a specific definition for attainable housing. However, it generally refers to housing that is affordable to a specific target population, such as families with children, seniors or individuals with disabilities. Attainable housing may be priced below market rates or may include subsidies or other forms of assistance to help make it within reach of local workers’ qualifying levels.
The Housing Solutions Partnership has added an additional layer of focus on “local workers” in this category in order to ensure our communities can thrive and grow. This directs programs for attainable or workforce housing to consider those who need to live in the community where they work.
While these terms may overlap, there are important differences between them. Understanding these distinctions is essential for developing effective housing policies and programs. While the Housing Solutions Partnership ToolKit may not solve all aspects of the housing crisis locally, they are making a difference and mapping the potential future of housing options for local workers. Follow updates regularly at housingni.org.
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Kiki Miller is a Coeur d’Alene City Council member and founding member of the Housing Solutions Partnership.